BIN2L() | Viva Clipper !

BIN2I()

Convert signed short encoded bytes into Harbour numeric

Syntax

      BIN2I( <cBuffer> ) --> nNumber

Arguments

<cBuffer> is a character string that contain 16 bit encoded signed short integer (least significant byte first). The first two bytes are taken into account, the rest if any are ignored.

Returns

BIN2I() return numeric integer (or 0 if <cBuffer> is not a string).

Description

BIN2I() is one of the low level binary conversion functions, those functions convert between Harbour numeric and a character representation of numeric value. BIN2I() take two bytes of encoded 16 bit signed short integer and convert it into standard Harbour numeric value.

You might ask what is the need for such functions, well, first of all it allow you to read/write information from/to a binary file (like extracting information from DBF header), it is also a useful way to share information from source other than Harbour (C for instance).

BIN2I() is the opposite of I2BIN()

Examples

      // Show DBF last update date
      #include "fileio.ch"
      PROCEDURE Main()
         LOCAL nHandle, cYear, cMonth, cDay
         nHandle := FOpen( "test.dbf" )
         IF nHandle != F_ERROR
            FSeek( nHandle, 1 )
            cYear := cMonth := cDay := " "
            FRead( nHandle, @cYear , hb_BLen( cYear ) )
            FRead( nHandle, @cMonth, hb_BLen( cMonth ) )
            FRead( nHandle, @cDay  , hb_BLen( cDay ) )
            ? "Last update:", Bin2I( cYear ), Bin2I( cMonth ), Bin2I( cDay )
            FClose( nHandle )
         ELSE
            ? "Can not open file"
         ENDIF
         RETURN

Compliance

Clipper

Files

Library is rtl

Seealso

BIN2L(), BIN2U(), BIN2W(), I2BIN(), L2BIN(), W2BIN(), WORD(), U2BIN(), FREAD()

Array :

AADD() :

Add a new element to the end of an array

AADD( <aTarget>, <expValue> ) --> Value

ACLONE() :

Duplicate a nested or multidimensional array

ACLONE( <aSource> ) --> aDuplicate

ACOPY() :

Copy elements from one array to another

ACOPY( <aSource>, <aTarget>, [ <nStart> ], [ <nCount> ], 
    [ <nTargetPos> ] ) --> aTarget

ADEL() :

Delete an array element

ADEL( <aTarget>, <nPosition> ) --> aTarget

ADIR()* :

Fill a series of arrays with directory information

ADIR([ <cFilespec> ],
    [ <aFilenames> ],
    [ <aSizes> ],
    [ <aDates> ],
    [ <aTimes> ],
    [ <aAttributes> ] ) --> nFiles

AEVAL() :

Execute a code block for each element in an array

AEVAL( <aArray>, <bBlock>, [ <nStart> ], [ <nCount> ] ) --> aArray

AFILL() :

Fill an array with a specified value

AFILL( <aTarget>, <expValue>, [ <nStart> ], [ <nCount> ] )

       --> aTarget

AINS() :

Insert a NIL element into an array

AINS( <aTarget>, <nPosition> ) --> aTarget

ARRAY() :

Create an uninitialized array of specified length

ARRAY( <nElements> [, <nElements>...] ) --> aArray

ASCAN() :

Scan an array for a value or until a block returns (.T.)

ASCAN( <aTarget>, <expSearch>, [ <nStart> ], [ <nCount> ] )

      --> nStoppedAt

ASIZE() :

Grow or shrink an array

ASIZE( <aTarget>, <nLength> ) --> aTarget

ASORT() :

Sort an array

ASORT( <aTarget>, [ <nStart> ], [ <nCount> ], [ <bOrder> ] )

       --> aTarget

ATAIL() :

Return value of the highest numbered (last) element of an array

ATAIL( <aArray> ) --> Element

Common :

EMPTY() :

Determine if the result of an expression is empty

EMPTY( <exp> ) --> lEmpty

LEN() :

Return the length of a character string or array size

LEN( <cString> | <aArray> ) --> nCount

MAX() :

Return the larger of two numeric or date values

MAX( <nExp1>, <nExp2> ) --> nLarger
MAX( <dExp1>, <dExp2> ) --> dLarger

MIN() :

Return the smaller of two numeric or date values

MIN( <nExp1>, <nExp2> ) --> nSmaller
MIN( <dExp1>, <dExp2> ) --> dSmaller

PAD() :

Pad character, date or numeric values with a fill character

PADL( <exp>, <nLength>, [ <cFillChar> ] ) --> cPaddedString
PADC( <exp>, <nLength>, [ <cFillChar> ] ) --> cPaddedString
PADR( <exp>, <nLength>, [ <cFillChar> ] ) --> cPaddedString

TRANSFORM() :

Convert any value into a formatted character string

TRANSFORM( <exp>, <cSayPicture> ) --> cFormatString

TYPE() :

Determine the type of an expression

TYPE( <cExp> ) --> cType

VALTYPE() :

Determine the data type returned by an expression

VALTYPE( <exp> ) --> cType

Date & Time :

CDOW() :

Convert a date value to a character day of the week

CDOW( <dExp> ) --> cDayName

CMONTH() :

Convert a date to a character month name

CMONTH( <dDate> ) --> cMonth

CTOD() :

Convert a date string to a date value

CTOD( <cDate> ) --> dDate

DATE() :

Return the system date as a date value

DATE() --> dSystem

DAY() :

Return the day of the month as a numeric value

DAY( <dDate> ) --> nDay

DOW() :

Convert a date value to a numeric day of the week

DOW( <dDate> ) --> nDay

DTOC() :

Convert a date value to a character string

DTOC( <dDate> ) --> cDate

DTOS() :

Convert a date value to a string formatted as yyyymmdd

DTOS( <dDate> ) --> cDate

MONTH() :

Convert a date value to the number of the month

MONTH( <dDate> ) --> nMonth

SECONDS() :

Return the number of seconds elapsed since midnight

SECONDS() --> nSeconds

TIME() :

Return the system time

TIME() --> cTimeString

YEAR() :

Convert a date value to the year as a numeric value

YEAR( <dDate> ) --> nYear

Numeric :

ABS() :

Return the absolute value of a numeric expression

ABS( <nExp> ) --> nPositive

BIN2I() :

Convert a 16-bit signed integer to a numeric value

BIN2I( <cSignedInt> ) --> nNumber

BIN2L() :

Convert a 32-bit signed integer to a numeric value

BIN2L( <cSignedInt> ) --> nNumber

BIN2W() :

Convert a 16-bit unsigned integer to a numeric value

BIN2W( <cUnsignedInt> ) --> nNumber

EXP() :

Calculate e**x

EXP( <nExponent> ) --> nAntilogarithm

INT() :

Convert a numeric value to an integer

INT( <nExp> ) --> nInteger

I2BIN() :

Convert a numeric to a 16-bit binary integer

I2BIN( <nInteger> ) --> cBinaryInteger

LOG() :

Calculate the natural logarithm of a numeric value

LOG( <nExp> ) --> nNaturalLog

L2BIN() :

Convert a numeric value to a 32-bit binary integer

L2BIN( <nExp> ) --> cBinaryInteger

MOD()* :

Return dBASE III PLUS modulus of two numbers

MOD( <nDividend>, <nDivisor> ) --> nRemainder

ROUND() :

Return a value rounded to a specified number of digits

ROUND( <nNumber>, <nDecimals> ) --> nRounded

SQRT() :

Return the square root of a positive number

SQRT( <nNumber> ) --> nRoot

VAL() :

Convert a character number to numeric type

VAL( <cNumber> ) --> nNumber

String & Memo :

ALLTRIM() :

Remove leading and trailing spaces from character string

ALLTRIM( <cString> ) --> cTrimString

ASC() :

Convert a character to its ASCII value

ASC( <cExp> ) --> nCode

AT() :

Return the position of a substring within a string

AT( <cSearch>, <cTarget> ) --> nPosition

CHR() :

Convert an ASCII code to a character value

CHR( <nCode> ) --> cChar

HARDCR() :

Replace all soft CRs with hard CRs

HARDCR( <cString> ) --> cConvertedString

ISALPHA() :

Determine if the leftmost character is alphabetic

ISALPHA( <cString> ) --> lBoolean

ISDIGIT() :

Determine if the leftmost character is a digit

ISDIGIT( <cString> ) --> lBoolean

ISLOWER() :

Determine if the leftmost character is a lower case letter

ISLOWER( <cString> ) --> lBoolean

ISUPPER() :

Determine if the leftmost character is upper case

ISUPPER( <cString> ) --> lBoolean

LEFT() :

Extract a substring beginning with the first character

LEFT( <cString>, <nCount> ) --> cSubString

LOWER() :

Convert uppercase characters to lowercase

LOWER( <cString> ) --> cLowerString

LTRIM() :

Remove leading spaces from a character string

LTRIM( <cString> ) --> cTrimString

MEMOEDIT() :

Display or edit character strings and memo fields

MEMOEDIT( [ <cString> ],
    [ <nTop> ], [ <nLeft> ],
    [ <nBottom> ], [ <nRight> ],
    [ <lEditMode> ],
    [ <cUserFunction> ],
    [ <nLineLength> ],
    [ <nTabSize> ],
    [ <nTextBufferRow> ],
    [ <nTextBufferColumn> ],
    [ <nWindowRow> ],
    [ <nWindowColumn> ] ) --> cTextBuffer

MEMOLINE() :

Extract a line of text from character string or memo field

MEMOLINE( <cString>,
    [ <nLineLength> ],
    [ <nLineNumber> ],
    [ <nTabSize> ],
    [ <lWrap> ] ) --> cLine

MEMOREAD() :

Return the contents of a disk file as a character string

MEMOREAD( <cFile> ) --> cString

MEMOTRAN() :

Replace carriage return/line feeds in character strings

MEMOTRAN( <cString>,
    [ <cReplaceHardCR> ],
    [ <cReplaceSoftCR> ] ) --> cNewString

MEMOWRIT() :

Write a character string or memo field to a disk file

MEMOWRIT( <cFile>, <cString> ) --> lSuccess

MLCOUNT() :

Count the lines in a character string or memo field

MLCOUNT( <cString>, [ <nLineLength> ],  [ <nTabSize> ],

         [ <lWrap> ] ) --> nLines

MLCTOPOS() :

Return byte position based on line and column position

MLCTOPOS( <cText>, <nWidth>, <nLine>,
    <nCol>, [ <nTabSize> ], [ <lWrap> ] ) --> nPosition

MLPOS() :

Determine the position of a line in a memo field

MLPOS( <cString>, <nLineLength>,
     <nLine>, [ <nTabSize> ], [ <lWrap> ] ) --> nPosition

MPOSTOLC() :

Return line and column position based on byte position

MPOSTOLC( <cText>, <nWidth>, <nPos>,
     [ <nTabSize> ], [ <lWrap> ] ) --> aLineColumn

RAT() :

Return the position of the last occurrence of a substring

RAT( <cSearch>, <cTarget> ) --> nPosition

REPLICATE() :

Return a string repeated a specified number of times

REPLICATE( <cString>, <nCount> ) --> cRepeatedString

RIGHT() :

Return a substring beginning with rightmost character

RIGHT( <cString>, <nCount> ) --> cSubString

RTRIM() :

Remove trailing spaces from a character string

RTRIM( <cString> ) --> cTrimString

SET EXACT* :

Toggle exact matches for character strings

SET EXACT on | OFF | <xlToggle>

SOUNDEX() :

Convert a character string to soundex form

SOUNDEX( <cString> ) --> cSoundexString

SPACE() :

Return a string of spaces

SPACE( <nCount> ) --> cSpaces

STR() :

Convert a numeric expression to a character string

STR( <nNumber>, [ <nLength> ], [ <nDecimals> ] ) --> cNumber

STRTRAN() :

Search and replace characters within a character string

STRTRAN( <cString>, <cSearch>, [ <cReplace> ],

    [ <nStart> ], [ <nCount> ] ) --> cNewString

STUFF() :

Delete and insert characters in a string

STUFF( <cString>, <nStart>, <nDelete>, <cInsert> ) --> cNewString

SUBSTR() :

Extract a substring from a character string

SUBSTR( <cString>, <nStart>, [ <nCount> ] ) --> cSubstring

TRIM() :