hb_mathErBlock
hb_mathErMode
hb_mathGetErrMode
hb_mathGetHandler
hb_mathGetLastError
hb_mathIsMathErr
hb_mathResetError
hb_mathSetErrMode
hb_mathSetHandler
Tag Archives: math
hb_MemoRead()
HB_MEMOREAD()
Return the text file’s contents as a character string
Syntax
HB_MEMOREAD( <cFileName> ) --> cString
Arguments
<cFileName> is the filename to read from disk. It must include the file extension. If file to be read lives in another directory, you must include the path.
Returns
Returns the contents of a text file as a character string.
If <cFileName> cannot be found or read HB_MEMOREAD returns an empty string (“”).
Description
HB_MEMOREAD() is a function that reads the content of a text file (till now) from disk (floppy, HD, CD-ROM, etc.) into a memory string. In that way you can manipulate as any character string or assigned to a memo field to be saved in a database.
HB_MEMOREAD() function is used together with MEMOEDIT() and HB_MEMOWRIT() to get from disk text from several sources that would be edited, searched, replaced, displayed, etc.
It is used to import data from other sources to our database.
Note: HB_MEMOREAD() does not use the settings SET DEFAULT or SET PATH to search for <cFileName>. It searches for <cFileName> in the current directory. If the file is not found, then HB_MEMOREAD() searches in the DOS path.
Over a network, HB_MEMOREAD() attempts to open <cFileName> in read-only mode and shared. If the file is used in mode exclusive by another process, the function will returns a null string (“”).
HB_MEMOREAD() vs MEMOREAD(): HB_MEMOREAD() is identical to MEMOREAD() except it won’t truncate the last byte (on non-UNIX compatible systems) if it’s a EOF char.
Examples
* This example uses HB_MEMOREAD() to assign the contents of a text
* file to a character variable for later search
cFile := "account.prg"
cString := HB_MEMOREAD( cFile )
cCopyright := "Melina"
IF At( "Melina", cString ) == 0 // check for copyright
HB_MEMOWRIT( cFile, cCopyright + cString ) // if not, add it!
ENDIF
Compliance
Clipper
Platforms
All (64K)
Files
Library is rtl
Seealso
MEMOEDIT(), HB_MEMOWRIT(), REPLACE, MEMOREAD()
HardCR()
HARDCR()
Replace all soft carriage returns with hard carriages returns.
Syntax
HARDCR( <cString> ) --> <cConvertedString>
Arguments
<cString> is a string of chars to convert.
Returns
<cConvertedString> Transformed string.
Description
Returns a string/memo with soft carriage return chars converted to hard carriage return chars.
Examples
? HARDCR( Data->CNOTES )
Tests
@ 1, 1 SAY HARDCR( Data->CNOTES )
will display converted string starting on row two, column two of the
current device.
Compliance
Clipper
Files
Library is rtl
Seealso
MEMOTRAN(), STRTRAN()
Sqrt()
Sqrt()
Calculates the square root of a number.
Syntax
Sqrt( <nNumber> ) --> <nSqrt>
Arguments
<nNumber> Any numeric value.
Returns
<nSqrt> The square root of <number>.
Description
This function returns the square root of <nNumber>. The precision of this evaluation is based solely on the settings of the SET DECIMAL TO command. Any negative number passed as <nNumber> will always return a 0.
Examples
SET DECIMAL TO 5
? Sqrt( 632512.62541 )
? Sqrt( 845414111.91440 )
Compliance
Clipper
Platforms
All
Files
Library is core
Seealso
Round()
Round()
ROUND()
Rounds off a numeric expression.
Syntax
ROUND( <nNumber>,<nPlace> ) --> <nResult>
Arguments
<nNumber> Any numeric value.
<nPlace> The number of places to round to.
Returns
<nResult> The rounded number.
Description
This function rounds off the value of <nNumber> to the number of decimal places specified by <nPlace>. If the value of <nPlace> is a negative number, the function will attempt to round <nNumber> in whole numbers. Numbers from 5 through 9 will be rounded up, all others will be rounded down.
Examples
? ROUND( 632512.62541, 5 )
? ROUND( 845414111.91440, 3 )
Compliance
Clipper
Platforms
All
Files
Library is rtl
Seealso
INT(), STR(), VAL(), SET FIXED
Mod()
MOD()
Return the modulus of two numbers.
Syntax
MOD( <nNumber>, <nNumber1> ) --> <nRemainder>
Arguments
<nNumber> Numerator in a divisional expression.
<nNumber1> Denominator in a divisional expression.
Returns
<nRemainder> The remainder after the division operation.
Description
This functuion returns the remainder of one number divided by another.
Examples
? Mod( 12, 8.521 )
? Mod( 12, 0 )
? Mod( 62412.5142, 4522114.12014 )
Compliance
Clipper
Platforms
All
Files
Library is rtl
Seealso
%
Min()
MIN()
Determines the minumum of two numbers or dates.
Syntax
MIN( <xValue>, <xValue1> ) --> <xMin>
Arguments
<xValue> Any date or numeric value.
<xValue1> Any date or numeric value.
Returns
<xMin> The smaller numeric (or earlier date) value.
Description
This function returns the smaller of the two passed espressions. <xValue> and <xValue1> must be the same data type. If numeric, the smaller number is returned. If dates, the earlier date is returned.
Examples
? MIN( 214514214, 6251242142 )
? MIN( STOD( "20001111" ), STOD( "20140621" ) )
Compliance
Clipper
Platforms
All
Files
Library is rtl
Seealso
MAX()
Max()
MAX()
Returns the maximum of two numbers or dates.
Syntax
MAX( <xValue>, <xValue1> ) --> <xMax>
Arguments
<xValue> Any date or numeric value.
<xValue1> Any date or numeric value (same type as <xValue>).
Returns
<xMax> The larger numeric (or later date) value.
Description
This function returns the larger of the two passed espressions. If <xValue> and <xValue1> are numeric data types, the value returned by this function will be a numeric data type as well and will be the larger of the two numbers passed to it. If <xValue> and <xValue1> are date data types, the return value will be a date data type as well. It will be the later of the two dates passed to it.
Examples
? MAX( 214514214, 6251242142 )
? MAX( STOD( "20001111" ), STOD( "20140621" ) )
Compliance
Clipper
Platforms
All
Files
Library is rtl
Seealso
Min()
Log()
LOG()
Returns the natural logarithm of a number.
Syntax
LOG( <nNumber> ) --> <nLog>
Arguments
<nNumber> Any numeric expression.
Returns
<nExponent> The natural logarithm of <nNumber>.
Description
This function returns the natural logarithm of the number <nNumber>. If <nNumber> is 0 or less than 0, a numeric overflow occurs, which is depicted on the display device as a series of asterisks. This function is the inverse of EXP().
Examples
? LOG( 632512 )
Compliance
Clipper
Platforms
All
Files
Library is rtl
Seealso
EXP()
Int()
INT()
Return the integer port of a numeric value.
Syntax
INT( <nNumber> ) --> <nIntNumber>
Arguments
<nNumber> Any numeric value.
Returns
<nIntNumber> The integer portion of the numeric value.
Description
This function converts a numeric expression to an integer. All decimal digits are truncated. This function does not round a value upward or downward; it merely truncates a number at the decimal point.
Examples
SET DECIMAL TO 5
? INT( 632512.62541 )
? INT( 845414111.91440 )
Compliance
Clipper
Platforms
All
Files
Library is rtl
Seealso
ROUND(), STRZERO()
