Exact comparisons,
Name precedence,
SELECT 0,
Alias functions,
Call by reference and value,
Other Clipper extensions
Tag Archives: SELECT
C5 Database Functions
AFIELDS() :
Fill arrays with the structure of the current database file
AFIELDS([<aFieldNames>], [<aTypes>], [<aWidths>], [<aDecimals>]) --> nFields
ALIAS() :
Return a specified work area alias
ALIAS([<nWorkArea>]) --> cAlias
BOF() :
Determine when beginning of file is encountered
BOF() --> lBoundary
DBAPPEND() :
Add a new record
DBAPPEND() --> NIL
DBCLEARFILTER() :
Clear a filter condition
DBCLEARFILTER() –> NIL
DBCLEARIND() : Close all indexes for the current work area
DBCLEARINDEX() --> NIL
DBCLEARREL() :
Clear active relations
DBCLEARRELATION() --> NIL
DBCLOSEALL() :
Close all occupied workareas
DBCLOSEALL() --> NIL
DBCLOSEAREA() :
Close a workarea
DBCLOSEAREA() --> NIL
DBCOMMIT() :
Flush pending updates
DBCOMMIT() --> NIL
DBCOMMITALL() :
Flush pending updates in all workareas
DBCOMMITALL() --> NIL
DBCREATE() :
Create a database file from a database structure array
DBCREATE(<cDatabase>, <aStruct> [, <cDriver> ] ) --> NIL
DBCREATEIND() :
Create an Index
DBCREATEINDEX(<cIndexName>, <cKeyExpr>, [<bKeyExpr>], [<lUnique>]) --> NIL
DBDELETE() :
Mark a record for deletion
DBDELETE() --> NIL
DBEDIT() :
Browse records in a table layout
DBEDIT([<nTop>], [<nLeft>], [<nBottom>], <nRight>], [<acColumns>], [<cUserFunction>], [<acColumnSayPictures> | <cColumnSayPicture>], [<acColumnHeaders> | <cColumnHeader>], [<acHeadingSeparators> | <cHeadingSeparator>], [<acColumnSeparators> | <cColumnSeparator>], [<acFootingSeparators> | <cFootingSeparator>], [<acColumnFootings> | <cColumnFooting>]) --> NIL
DBEVAL() :
Evaluate a code block for each record
DBEVAL(<bBlock>, [<bForCondition>], [<bWhileCondition>], [<nNextRecords>], [<nRecord>], [<lRest>]) --> NIL
DBF()* :
Return current alias name
DBF() --> cAlias
DBFIELDINFO() :
Return and optionally change information about a field
DBFIELDINFO(<nInfoType>,
<nFieldPos>, [<expNewSetting>]) --> uCurrentSetting
DBFILEGET() :
Insert the contents of a field into a file
DBFILEGET(<nFieldPos>, <cTargetFile>, <nMode>) --> lSuccess
DBFILEPUT() :
Insert the contents of a file into a field
DBFILEPUT(<nFieldPos>, <cSourceFile>) --> lSuccess
DBFILTER() :
Return the current filter expression as a character string
DBFILTER() --> cFilter
DBGOBOTTOM() :
Move to the last logical record
DBGOBOTTOM() --> NIL
DBGOTO() :
Move to a particular record
DBGOTO(<nRecordNumber>) --> NIL
DBGOTOP() :
Move to the first logical record
DBGOTOP() --> NIL
DBINFO() :
Return and optionally change database file information
DBINFO(<nInfoType>, [<expNewSetting>]) --> uCurrentSetting
DBORDERINFO() : Return and optionally change information about orders and index files
DBORDERINFO(<nInfoType>, [<cIndexFile>], [<cOrder> | <nPosition>], [<expNewSetting>]) --> uCurrentSetting
DBRECALL() :
Reinstate a record marked for deletion
DBRECALL() --> NIL
DBRECORDINFO() :
Return and optionally change information about a record
DBRECORDINFO(<nInfoType>, [<nRecord>], [<expNewSetting>]) --> uCurrentSetting
DBREINDEX() :
Recreate all active indexes for the current work area
DBREINDEX() --> NIL
DBRELATION() :
Return the linking expression of a specified relation
DBRELATION( <nRelation> ) --> cLinkExp
DBRLOCK() :
Lock the record at the current or specified identity
DBRLOCK([<xIdentity>]) --> lSuccess
DBRLOCKLIST() Return an array of the current lock list
DBRLOCKLIST() --> aRecordLocks
DBRSELECT() :
Return the target workarea number of a relation
DBRSELECT( <nRelation> ) --> nWorkArea
DBRUNLOCK()
Release all or specified record locks
DBRUNLOCK([<xIdentity>]) --> NIL
DBSEEK() :
Search for a key value
DBSEEK(<expKey>, [<lSoftSeek>]) --> lFound
DBSELECTAR() :
Change the current workarea
DBSELECTAREA(<nArea> | <cAlias>) --> NIL
DBSETDRIVER() :
Set the default database driver
DBSETDRIVER([<cDriver>]) --> cCurrentDriver
DBSETFILTER() :
Set a filter condition
DBSETFILTER(<bCondition>, [<cCondition>]) --> NIL
DBSETINDEX()
Empty orders from an order bag into the order list
DBSETINDEX(<cOrderBagName>) --> NIL
DBSETORDER()
Set the controlling order
DBSETORDER(<nOrderNum>) --> NIL
DBSETRELAT() :
Relate two workareas
DBSETRELATION( <nArea> | <cAlias>, <bExpr>, [<cExpr>]) --> NIL
DBSKIP() :
Move relative to the current record
DBSKIP([<nRecords>]) --> NIL
DBSTRUCT() :
Create an array containing the structure of a database file
DBSTRUCT() --> aStruct
DBUNLOCK()
Release all locks for the current work area
DBUNLOCK() --> NIL
DBUNLOCKALL()
Release all locks for all work areas
DBUNLOCKALL() --> NIL
DBUSEAREA() :
Use a database file in a workarea
DBUSEAREA( [<lNewArea>], [<cDriver>], <cName>, [<xcAlias>], [<lShared>], [<lReadonly>]) --> NIL
DELETED() :
Return the deleted status of the current record
DELETED() --> lDeleted
EOF() :
Determine when end of file is encountered
EOF() --> lBoundary
FCOUNT() :
Return the number of fields in the current (.dbf) file
FCOUNT() --> nFields
FIELD() :
Return a field name from the current (.dbf) file
FIELD/FIELD(<nPosition>) --> cFieldName
FIELDBLOCK() :
Return a set-get code block for a field variable
FIELDBLOCK(<cFieldName>) --> bFieldBlock
FIELDGET() :
Retrieve the value of a field using the ordinal position of the field in the database structure
FIELDGET(<nField>) --> ValueField
FIELDNAME() :
Return a field name from the current (.dbf) file
FIELDNAME/FIELD(<nPosition>) --> cFieldName
FIELDPOS() :
Return the position of a field in a workarea
FIELDPOS(<cFieldName>) --> nFieldPos
FIELDPUT() :
Set the value of a field variable using the ordinal position of the field in the database structure
FIELDPUT(<nField>, <expAssign>) --> ValueAssigned
FIELDWBLOCK() :
Return a set-get block for a field in a given workarea
FIELDWBLOCK(<cFieldName>, <nWorkArea>) --> bFieldWBlock
FLOCK() :
Lock an open and shared database file
FLOCK() –> lSuccess
FOUND() :
Determine if the previous search operation succeeded
FOUND() --> lSuccess
HEADER() :
Return the current database file header length
HEADER() --> nBytes
LASTREC() :
Determine the number of records in the current (.dbf) file
LASTREC() | RECCOUNT()* --> nRecords
LUPDATE() :
Return the last modification date of a (.dbf) file
LUPDATE() --> dModification
RECCOUNT()* :
Determine the number of records in the current (.dbf) file
RECCOUNT()* | LASTREC() --> nRecords
RECNO() :
Return the current record number of a work area
RECNO() --> nRecord
RECSIZE() :
Determine the record length of a database (.dbf) file
RECSIZE() --> nBytes
RLOCK()
Lock the current record in the active work area
RLOCK() --> lSuccess
SELECT() :
Determine the work area number of a specified alias
SELECT([<cAlias>]) --> nWorkArea
USED() :
Determine if a database file is in USE
USED() --> lDbfOpen
C5 Database Commands
Database Commands and Statements
APPEND BLANK :
Add a new record to current database file.
APPEND BLANK
APPEND FROM :
Import records from a (.dbf) or ASCII file
APPEND FROM <xcFile> [FIELDS <idField list>] [<scope>] [WHILE <lCondition>] [FOR <lCondition>] [SDF | DELIMITED [WITH BLANK | <xcDelimiter>] | [VIA <xcDriver>]]
AVERAGE :
Average numeric expressions in the current work area
AVERAGE <nExp list> TO <idVar list> [<scope>] [WHILE <lCondition>] [FOR <lCondition>]
CLEAR ALL* :
Close files and release public and private variables.
CLEAR ALL
CLOSE :
Close a specific set of files
CLOSE [<idAlias> | ALL | ALTERNATE | DATABASES | FORMAT |INDEXES ]
COMMIT :
Perform a solid-disk write for all active work areas
COMMIT
CONTINUE :
Resume a pending LOCATE
CONTINUE
COPY STRUCTURE :
Copy the current (.dbf) structure to a new (.dbf) file
COPY STRUCTURE [FIELDS <idField list>] TO <xcDatabase>
COPY STRUCTURE EXTENDED :
Copy field definitions to a (.dbf) file
COPY STRUCTURE EXTENDED TO <xcExtendedDatabase>
COPY TO :
Export records to a new (.dbf) or ASCII file COPY [FIELDS <idField list>] TO <xcFile> [<scope>] [WHILE <lCondition>] [FOR <lCondition>] [SDF | DELIMITED [WITH BLANK | <xcDelimiter>] | [VIA <xcDriver>]]
COUNT :
Tally records to a variable
COUNT TO <idVar> [<scope>] [WHILE <lCondition>] [FOR <lCondition>]
CREATE :
Create an empty structure extended (.dbf) file
CREATE <xcExtendedDatabase>
CREATE FROM :
Create a new (.dbf) file from a structure extended file
CREATE <xcDatabase> FROM <xcExtendedDatabase> [NEW] [ALIAS <xcAlias>] [VIA <cDriver>]
DELETE :
Mark records for deletion
DELETE [<scope>] [WHILE <lCondition>] [FOR <lCondition>]
FIELD :
Declare database field names
FIELD <idField list> [IN <idAlias>]
FIND* :
Search an index for a specified key value
FIND <xcSearchString>
GO :
Move the record pointer to a specific record
GO[TO] <nRecord> | BOTTOM | TOP
JOIN :
Merge two (.dbf) files to create a new (.dbf) file
JOIN WITH <xcAlias> TO <xcDatabase> FOR <lCondition> [FIELDS <idField list>]
LOCATE :
Search sequentially for a record matching a condition
LOCATE [<scope>] FOR <lCondition> [WHILE <lCondition>]
PACK :
Remove deleted records from a database file
PACK
RECALL :
Restore records marked for deletion
RECALL [<scope>] [WHILE <lCondition>] [FOR <lCondition>]
REPLACE :
Assign new values to field variables
REPLACE <idField> WITH <exp> [, <idField2> WITH <exp2>...] [<scope>] [WHILE <lCondition>] [FOR <lCondition>]
SEEK :
Search an index for a specified key value
SEEK <expSearch>
SELECT :
Change the current work area
SELECT <xnWorkArea> | <idAlias>
SET DELETED :
Toggle filtering of deleted records
SET DELETED on | OFF | <xlToggle>
SET EXCLUSIVE :
Establish shared or exclusive USE of database files
SET EXCLUSIVE ON | off | <xlToggle>
SET FILTER :
Hide records not meeting a condition
SET FILTER TO [<lCondition>]
SET MEMOBLOCK :
Change the block size for memo files SET MEMOBLOCK TO <nSize>
SET PATH :
Specify the search path for opening files
SET PATH TO [<xcPathspec list>]
SET RELATION :
Relate two work areas by a key value or record number
SET RELATION TO [<expKey> | <nRecord> INTO <xcAlias>] [, [TO] <expKey2> | <nRecord2> INTO <xcAlias2>...] [ADDITIVE]
SET SOFTSEEK :
Toggle relative SEEKing
SET SOFTSEEK on | OFF | <xlToggle>
SET UNIQUE :
Toggle the inclusion of nonunique keys into an index
SET UNIQUE on | OFF | <xlToggle>
SKIP :
Move the record pointer to a new position
SKIP [<nRecords>] [ALIAS <idAlias> | <nWorkArea>]
SORT :
Copy to a (.dbf) file in sorted order
SORT TO <xcDatabase> ON <idField> [/[A | D][C]] [, <idField2> [/[A | D][C]]...] [<scope>] [WHILE <lCondition>] [FOR <lCondition>]
SUM :
Sum numeric expressions to variables
SUM <nExp list> TO <idVar list> [<scope>] [WHILE <lCondition>] [FOR <lCondition>]
TOTAL :
Summarize records by key value to a (.dbf) file
TOTAL ON <expKey> FIELDS <idField list> TO <xcDatabase> [<scope>] [WHILE <lCondition>] [FOR <lCondition>]
UNLOCK :
Release file/record locks set by the current user
UNLOCK [ALL]
UPDATE :
Update current database file from another database file
UPDATE FROM <xcAlias> ON <expKey> [RANDOM] REPLACE <idField> WITH <exp> [, <idField2> WITH <exp2>...]
USE :
Open an existing (.dbf) and its associated files USE [<xcDatabase> [INDEX <xcIndex list>] [ALIAS <xcAlias>] [EXCLUSIVE | SHARED] [NEW] [READONLY] [VIA <cDriver>]]
ZAP :
Remove all records from the current database file
ZAP