Databases (PDF)
Author : G.C. Reddy
Databases (PDF)
Author : G.C. Reddy
+ : Concatenate - : Concatenate without intervening spaces
+ : Addition or Unary Positive - : Subtraction or Unary Negative * : Multiplication / : Division % : Modulus--binary ** or ^ : Exponentiation
< : Less than
> : Greater than
= : Equal
== : Exactly equal for character; equal for other data types
<>, #, or != : Not equal
<= : Less than or equal
>= : Greater than or equal
$ : Is contained in the set or is a subset of (Substring comparison)
.AND. : Logical and .OR. : Logical or .NOT. or ! : Logical negate
= : Assign := : Inline assign += : Inline add (or concatenate) and assign -= : Inline subtract (or concatenate) and assign *= : Inline multiply and assign /= : Inline divide and assign ^= : Inline exponentiate and assign %= : Inline modulus and assign
++ : Prefix or postfix increment -- : Prefix or postfix decrement
:: : Send a message to an object () : Function or grouping [] : Array element {} : Constant array definition -> : Alias identifier & : Compile and execute (Macro evaluation--unary) @ : Pass by reference