Daily Archives: July 23, 2013
C5 Obsolete Items
Obsolete Language Items
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In the Reference guide, the asterisk symbol is used to indicate
items in the language that are obsolete or that exist for compatibility
with previous releases of Clipper. As you begin to incorporate
new product features into your existing applications, it would be
advisable to review your code to determine any obsolete items that you
might be using. This table lists each obsolete language item with its
recommended replacement and should be helpful to you in updating your
programs.
Warning: In the future, this table will be the only documentation
for obsolete items because they will be removed from the Reference guide.
Furthermore, obsolete items are not in keeping with the current
Clipper programming philosophy, and we strongly discourage their use
as they may not be supported in future releases of Clipper.
Obsolete Language Items
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Obsolete | Recommended
|
ADIR() function | DIRECTORY() function
AFIELDS() function | DBSTRUCT() function
CALL command | Extend API
CANCEL command | QUIT command
CLEAR ALL command | CLOSE or RELEASE command
DBEDIT() function | TBrowse class
DBF() function | ALIAS() function
DECLARE statement | PRIVATE statement
DIR command | DIRECTORY() function
DO statement | Use function-calling syntax
EXTERNAL statement | REQUEST statement
FIND command | SEEK command
FKLABEL() function | Use constant value Fn where n ranges from one to 40
FKMAX() function | Use constant value of 40
MOD() function | Modulus operator (%)
NOTE command | C-style comment indicators, /*...*/ and //
READKEY() function | LASTKEY() function
RECCOUNT() function | LASTREC() function
RESTORE SCREEN command| RESTSCREEN() function
SAVE SCREEN command | SAVESCREEN() function
SET COLOR command | SETCOLOR() function
SET EXACT command | Not recommended
SET EXCLUSIVE command | USE command with EXCLUSIVE and SHARED clauses
SET FORMAT command | Not recommended
SET PROCEDURE command | Compiler script files (.clp)
SET UNIQUE command | INDEX command with UNIQUE clause
STORE command | Inline assignment operator (:=)
TEXT command | ? or @...SAY command
WAIT command | @...GET...READ command or INKEY() function
WORD() function | Extend API
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C5 Unsupported Items
Commands and Functions Not Supported by Clipper
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Some commands and functions of other dialects are not supported by Clipper.
Clipper does not support any of the commands that are used primarily
in the interactive or "dot prompt" mode. In the interactive mode, you
may instantly query the various databases without writing a program,
however, Clipper has been designed to compile and execute programs
significantly faster than can be accomplished in the interactive mode.
The commands and functions that are not supported by Clipper
are listed in the table below.
Clipper Equivalents of some unsupported Commands & Functions:
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Command/Function | Clipper Equivalent
|
APPEND | DBU.EXE
ASSIST | DBU.EXE
BROWSE | BROWSE(), DBEDIT(), TBrowse Class
CHANGE | DBU.EXE
CLEAR FIELDS | n/a
CREATE/MODIFY LABEL | RL.EXE
CREATE/MODIFY QUERY | n/a
CREATE/MODIFY REPORT | RL.EXE
CREATE/MODIFY SCREEN | n/a
CREATE/MODIFY STRUCTURE | DBU.EXE
CREATE/MODIFY VIEW | DBU.EXE
EDIT | DBU.EXE
ERROR() | Error:genCode, Error:osCode,
| Error:SubCode messages
EXPORT TO | n/a
HELP | The Guide To Clipper
IMPORT FROM | n/a
INSERT | n/a
LIST/DISPLAY FILES | DBU.EXE
LIST/DISPLAY HISTORY | The Clipper Debugger
LIST/DISPLAY MEMORY | The Clipper Debugger
LIST/DISPLAY STATUS | The Clipper Debugger
LIST/DISPLAY STRUCTURE | The Clipper Debugger
LOAD | RTLINK.EXE
LOGOUT | n/a
MESSAGE() | Error:description message
MODIFY COMMAND | PE.EXE
ON ERROR | ERRORBLOCK()
ON ESCAPE | SET KEY User function
ON KEY | SET KEY User function
RESUME | RETURN false (.F.) from an error handling block
| if Error:canDefault contains true (.T.)
RETRY | RETURN true (.T.) from an error handling block
| if Error:canRetry contains true (.T.)
RETURN TO MASTER | BEGIN SEQUENCE...BREAK...END
SET | The Clipper Debugger
SET CARRY | n/a
SET CATALOG | n/a
SET COLOR ON | OFF | n/a
SET DEBUG | ALTD()
SET DOHISTORY | The Clipper Debugger
SET ECHO | The Clipper Debugger
SET ENCRYPTION | n/a
SET FIELDS | DBU.EXE
SET HEADING | n/a
SET HELP | n/a
SET HISTORY | n/a
SET MEMOWIDTH | MEMOLINE(), MEMOEDIT(), MLCOUNT()
SET MENUS | n/a
SET MESSAGE | n/a
SET SAFETY | n/a
SET STATUS | n/a
SET TALK | The Clipper Debugger
SET TITLE | n/a
SET VIEW | DBU.EXE
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C5 Reserved Words
Reserved Word and Function Names
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--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
IF | AADD CTOD EXP INT MONTH ROW TIME
ELSE | ABS DATE FCOUNT LASTREC PCOL RTRIM TRANSFORM
ELSEIF | ASC DAY FIELDNAME LEN PCOUNT SECONDS TRIM
ENDIF | AT DELETED FILE LOCK PROW SELECT TYPE
WHILE | BREAK DEVPOS FLOCK LOG RECCOUNT SETPOS UPPER
ENDCASE | BOF DOW FOUND LOWER RECNO SPACE VAL
ENDDO | CDOW DTOC IF LTRIM REPLICATE SQRT VALTYPE
FUNCTION | CHR DTOS IIF MAX RLOCK STR WORD
PROCEDURE | CMONTH EMPTY INKEY MIN ROUND SUBSTR YEAR
| COL EOF
--------------------------------------------------------------------------------
. Notes
. Reserved words cannot be used for variable, procedure, or
user-defined function names.
. Reserved functions are built into the compiler and therefore cannot
be redefined by an application.
. Abbreviations of reserved words and functions of four or more
characters are also reserved.
. All identifiers that begin with one or more underscore characters
(_) are designated as system identifiers and are therefore reserved.
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C5 Special Characters
Special Characters
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Arrows | Blocks | Currency
. 30 . 24 . 18 | # 176 # 219 | . 155 Cents
. 31 . 25 . 23 | # 221 | . 156 Pounds
. 16 . 26 | # 177 # 220 | . 157 Yen
. 17 . 27 . 29 | . 222 | . 159 Francs
| # 178 # 223 | $ 36 Dollars
Foreign --------------------------------------+- Greek ----------------------
131 . | 130 . . 144 | 150 . | . 224 Alpha a
132 . . 142 | 140 . | 129 . . 154 | . 225 Beta b
133 . | 139 . | 151 . | . 226 Gamma g
160 . | 147 . | 163 . | . 235 Delta d
134 . . 143 | 148 . . 153 | 152 . | . 233 Theta th
145 . . 146 | 149 . | 225 . | . 230 Mu m
135 . . 128 | 162 . | | . 227 Pi p
136 . | 164 . . 165 | | . 229 . 228 Sigma s
137 . | 141 . | | . 231 Tau t
138 . | 161 . | | . 237 . 232 Phi ph
| | | . 234 Omega
Mathematical ----------------------------------------------------------------
. 143 | . 246 Division
. 238 Is an element of | . 247 Nearly equal
. 239 Intersection | . 248 Degree
. 240 Identical to, congruent | . 249 Multiplied by
. 241 Plus or minus | . 250
. 242 Greater than or equal to | . 251 Square root
. 243 Less than or equal to | . 252 Nth power
| . 253 Squared (second power)
| . 236 Infinity
. 244 Integral | . 244 Integral
. 245 | | 179
| . 245
Bullets ---------------- Other ---+------------------------------------------
. 7 | . 5 | . 166 | . 175
. 4 | . 6 | . 167 | . 19
. 249 | . 11 | . 168 | . 20 Paragraph or Return character
. 250 | . 12 | . 173 | . 21 Section number
. 3 | * 42 | . 174 | . 158
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
C5 Box Characters
Box Characters
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218 196 194 191 201 205 203 187
+----------------+ +----------------+
179 | 197 | | 179 186 | 206 | | 186
| \ | | | \ | |
195 |----------+-----| 180 204 |----------+-----| 185
| | | | | |
+----------------+ +----------------+
192 196 193 217 200 205 202 188
213 205 209 184 214 196 210 183
+----------------+ +----------------+
179 | 216 | | 179 186 | 215 | | 186
| \ | | | \ | |
198 -----------+-----| 181 199 -----------+-----| 182
| | | | | |
+----------------+ +----------------+
212 205 207 190 211 196 208 189
C5 ASCII Chart
ASCII Chart
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Dec Hex Char Dec Hex Char Dec Hex Char Dec Hex Char
0 00h NUL | 64 40h @ | 128 80h . | 192 C0h +
1 01h . SOH | 65 41h A | 129 81h . | 193 C1h -
2 02h . STX | 66 42h B | 130 82h . | 194 C2h -
3 03h . ETX | 67 43h C | 131 83h . | 195 C3h |
4 04h . EOT | 68 44h D | 132 84h . | 196 C4h -
5 05h . ENQ | 69 45h E | 133 85h . | 197 C5h +
6 06h . ACK | 70 46h F | 134 86h . | 198 C6h -
7 07h . BEL | 71 47h G | 135 87h . | 199 C7h -
8 08h . BS | 72 48h H | 136 88h . | 200 C8h +
9 09h . HT | 73 49h I | 137 89h . | 201 C9h +
10 0Ah . LF | 74 4Ah J | 138 8Ah . | 202 CAh -
11 0Bh . VT | 75 4Bh K | 139 8Bh . | 203 CBh -
12 0Ch . FF | 76 4Ch L | 140 8Ch . | 204 CCh |
13 0Dh . CR | 77 4Dh M | 141 8Dh . | 205 CDh -
14 0Eh . SO | 78 4Eh N | 142 8Eh . | 206 CEh +
15 0Fh . SI | 79 4Fh O | 143 8Fh . | 207 CFh -
16 10h . DLE | 80 50h P | 144 90h . | 208 D0h -
17 11h . DC1 | 81 51h Q | 145 91h . | 209 D1h -
18 12h . DC2 | 82 52h R | 146 92h . | 210 D2h -
19 13h . DC3 | 83 53h S | 147 93h . | 211 D3h +
20 14h . DC4 | 84 54h T | 148 94h . | 212 D4h +
21 15h . NAK | 85 55h U | 149 95h . | 213 D5h +
22 16h . SYN | 86 56h V | 150 96h . | 214 D6h +
23 17h . ETB | 87 57h W | 151 97h . | 215 D7h +
24 18h . CAN | 88 58h X | 152 98h . | 216 D8h +
25 19h . EM | 89 59h Y | 153 99h . | 217 D9h +
26 1Ah . SUB | 90 5Ah Z | 154 9Ah . | 218 DAh +
27 1Bh . ESC | 91 5Bh [ | 155 9Bh . | 219 DBh #
28 1Ch . FS | 92 5Ch \ | 156 9Ch . | 220 DCh #
29 1Dh . GS | 93 5Dh ] | 157 9Dh . | 221 DDh #
30 1Eh . RS | 94 5Eh ^ | 158 9Eh . | 222 DEh #
31 1Fh . US | 95 5Fh _ | 159 9Fh . | 223 DFh #
32 20h | 96 60h ` | 160 A0h . | 224 E0h .
33 21h ! | 97 61h a | 161 A1h . | 225 E1h .
34 22h " | 98 62h b | 162 A2h . | 226 E2h .
35 23h # | 99 63h c | 163 A3h . | 227 E3h .
36 24h $ | 100 64h d | 164 A4h . | 228 E4h .
37 25h % | 101 65h e | 165 A5h . | 229 E5h .
38 26h & | 102 66h f | 166 A6h . | 230 E6h .
39 27h ' | 103 67h g | 167 A7h . | 231 E7h .
40 28h ( | 104 68h h | 168 A8h . | 232 E8h .
41 29h ) | 105 69h i | 169 A9h . | 233 E9h .
42 2Ah * | 106 6Ah j | 170 AAh . | 234 EAh .
43 2Bh + | 107 6Bh k | 171 ABh . | 235 EBh .
44 2Ch , | 108 6Ch l | 172 ACh . | 236 ECh .
45 2Dh - | 109 6Dh m | 173 ADh . | 237 EDh .
46 2Eh . | 110 6Eh n | 174 AEh . | 238 EEh .
47 2Fh / | 111 6Fh o | 175 AFh . | 239 EFh .
48 30h 0 | 112 70h p | 176 B0h # | 240 F0h .
49 31h 1 | 113 71h q | 177 B1h # | 241 F1h .
50 32h 2 | 114 72h r | 178 B2h # | 242 F2h .
51 33h 3 | 115 73h s | 179 B3h | | 243 F3h .
52 34h 4 | 116 74h t | 180 B4h | | 244 F4h .
53 35h 5 | 117 75h u | 181 B5h | | 245 F5h .
54 36h 6 | 118 76h v | 182 B6h | | 246 F6h .
55 37h 7 | 119 77h w | 183 B7h + | 247 F7h .
56 38h 8 | 120 78h x | 184 B8h + | 248 F8h .
57 39h 9 | 121 79h y | 185 B9h | | 249 F9h .
58 3Ah : | 122 7Ah z | 186 BAh | | 250 FAh .
59 3Bh ; | 123 7Bh { | 187 BBh + | 251 FBh .
60 3Ch < | 124 7Ch | | 188 BCh + | 252 FCh .
61 3Dh = | 125 7Dh } | 189 BDh + | 253 FDh .
62 3Eh > | 126 7Eh ~ | 190 BEh + | 254 FEh .
63 3Fh ? | 127 7Fh . | 191 BFh + | 255 FFh .
C5 Picture Codes
Picture Codes
------------------------------------------------------------------------------
Say Picture Functions
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
B Display numbers left-justified | X Display DB after negative numbers
C Display CR after positive numbers | Z Display zeros as blanks
D Display date in SET DATE format | ( Enclose negative numbers in parens
E Display date in British format | ! Convert alpha characters to upper
R Insert non-template characters |
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Say Picture Template Symbols
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------
A Display digits for any data type | ! Convert alpha character to upper
N " | $ Display dollar sign instead of
X " | leading space in a numeric
9 " | * Display asterisk instead of
# " | leading space in a numeric
L Display logicals as "T" or "F" | . Specify a decimal point position
Y Display logicals as "Y" or "N" | , Specify a comma position
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Get Picture Functions
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A C Allow only alpha characters
B N Display numbers left-justified
C N Display CR after positive numbers
D D,N Display dates in SET DATE format
E D,N Display dates with day and month inverted
independent of the current DATE SETting,
numerics with comma and period reverse
K All Delete default text if first key is not a cursor key
R C Insert non-template characters in the display but do not
save in the Get variable
S<n> C Allows horizontal scrolling within a Get. <n> is an integer
that specifies the width of the region
X N Display DB after negative numbers
Z N Display zero as blanks
( N Display negative numbers in parentheses with leading spaces
) N Display negative numbers in parentheses without leading spaces
! C Convert alphabetic character to upper case
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Get Picture Template Symbols
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A Allow only alphabetic characters
N Allow only alphabetic and numeric characters
X Allow any character
9 Allow digits for any data type including sign for numerics
# Allow digits, signs and spaces for any data type
L Allow only T, F, Y or N
Y Allow only Y or N
! Convert alphabetic character to upper case
$ Display a dollar sign in place of a leading space in a numeric
* Display an asterisk in place of a leading space in a numeric
. Display a decimal point
, Display a comma
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C5 Color Codes
Colors ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Color Monochrome | Color Monochrome Black, Space N 0 Black | Gray N+ 8 Black Blue B 1 Underline | Bright Blue B+ 9 Bright Underline Green G 2 White | Bright Green G+ 10 Bright White Cyan BG 3 White | Bright Cyan BG+ 11 Bright White Red R 4 White | Bright Red R+ 12 Bright White Magenta RB 5 White | Bright Magenta RB+ 13 Bright White Brown GR 6 White | Yellow GR+ 14 Bright White White W 7 White | Bright White W+ 15 Bright White --------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Black U Underline Inverse I Inverse video Black X Blank ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- . Note If numbers are used and the background color is greater than 7, the foreground color is displayed blinking. If letters are used and the high intensity attribute is applied to the background color, the foreground color is displayed in high intensity. --------------------------------------------------------------------------------
See Also: SET COLOR* SETCOLOR()
C5 Inkey Codes
Inkey Codes ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ Cursor Movement Keys | Editing Keys ---------------------------------------------+-------------------------------- Uparrow, Ctrl-E 5 K_UP | Del, Ctrl-G 7 K_DEL Dnarrow, Ctrl-X 24 K_DOWN | Tab, Ctrl-I 9 K_TAB Leftarrow, Ctrl-S 19 K_LEFT | Shift-Tab 271 K_SH_TAB Rightarrow, Ctrl-D 4 K_RIGHT | Ins, Ctrl-V 22 K_INS Home, Ctrl-A 1 K_HOME | Backspace, Ctrl-H 8 K_BS End, Ctrl-F 6 K_END | Ctrl-Backspace 127 K_CTRL_BS PgUp, Ctrl-R 18 K_PGUP |----------------------------------- PgDn, Ctrl-C 3 K_PGDN | Function Keys Ctrl-Leftarrow, Ctrl-Z 26 K_CTRL_LEFT |---------------------------------- Ctrl-Rightarrow, Ctrl-B 2 K_CTRL_RIGHT | F1, Ctrl-\ 28 K_F1 Ctrl-Home, Ctrl-] 29 K_CTRL_HOME | F2 -1 K_F2 Ctrl-End, Ctrl-W 23 K_CTRL_END | F3 -2 K_F3 Ctrl-PgUp, Ctrl-Hyphen 31 K_CTRL_PGUP | F4 -3 K_F4 Ctrl-PgDn, Ctrl-^ 30 K_CTRL_PGDN | F5 -4 K_F5 Ctrl-Return 10 K_CTRL_RET | F6 -5 K_F6 Ctrl-ScrollLock 3 K_CTRL_C | F7 -6 K_F7 Esc, Ctrl-[ 27 K_ESC | F8 -7 K_F8 Return, Ctrl-M 13 K_RETURN | F9 -8 K_F9 Enter, Ctrl-M 13 K_ENTER | F10 -9 K_F10 ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Alt and Ctrl Keys ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Alt-A 286 K_ALT_A| Alt-N 305 K_ALT_N| Ctrl-A 1 K_CTRL_A| Ctrl-N 14 K_CTRL_N Alt-B 304 K_ALT_B| Alt-O 280 K_ALT_O| Ctrl-B 2 K_CTRL_B| Ctrl-O 15 K_CTRL_O Alt-C 302 K_ALT_C| Alt-P 281 K_ALT_P| Ctrl-C 3 K_CTRL_C| Ctrl-P 16 K_CTRL_P Alt-D 288 K_ALT_D| Alt-Q 272 K_ALT_Q| Ctrl-D 4 K_CTRL_D| Ctrl-Q 17 K_CTRL_Q Alt-E 274 K_ALT_E| Alt-R 275 K_ALT_R| Ctrl-E 5 K_CTRL_E| Ctrl-R 18 K_CTRL_R Alt-F 289 K_ALT_F| Alt-S 287 K_ALT_S| Ctrl-F 6 K_CTRL_F| Ctrl-S 19 K_CTRL_S Alt-G 290 K_ALT_G| Alt-T 276 K_ALT_T| Ctrl-G 7 K_CTRL_G| Ctrl-T 20 K_CTRL_T Alt-H 291 K_ALT_H| Alt-U 278 K_ALT_U| Ctrl-H 8 K_CTRL_H| Ctrl-U 21 K_CTRL_U Alt-I 279 K_ALT_I| Alt-V 303 K_ALT_V| Ctrl-I 9 K_CTRL_I| Ctrl-V 22 K_CTRL_V Alt-J 292 K_ALT_J| Alt-W 273 K_ALT_W| Ctrl-J 10 K_CTRL_J| Ctrl-W 23 K_CTRL_W Alt-K 293 K_ALT_K| Alt-X 301 K_ALT_X| Ctrl-K 11 K_CTRL_K| Ctrl-X 24 K_Ctrl_X Alt-L 294 K_ALT_L| Alt-Y 277 K_ALT_Y| Ctrl-L 12 K_CTRL_L| Ctrl-Y 25 K_Ctrl_Y Alt-M 306 K_ALT_M| Alt-Z 300 K_ALT_Z| Ctrl-M 13 K_CTRL_M| Ctrl-Z 26 K_CTRL_Z ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Shift, Alt, and Ctrl-Function Keys ------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Shift-F1 -10 K_SH_F1 | Ctrl-F1 -20 K_CTRL_F1 | Alt-F1 -30 K_ALT_F1 Shift-F2 -11 K_SH_F2 | Ctrl-F2 -21 K_CTRL_F2 | Alt-F2 -31 K_ALT_F2 Shift-F3 -12 K_SH_F3 | Ctrl-F3 -22 K_CTRL_F3 | Alt-F3 -32 K_ALT_F3 Shift-F4 -13 K_SH_F4 | Ctrl-F4 -23 K_CTRL_F4 | Alt-F4 -33 K_ALT_F4 Shift-F5 -14 K_SH_F5 | Ctrl-F5 -24 K_CTRL_F5 | Alt-F5 -34 K_ALT_F5 Shift-F6 -15 K_SH_F6 | Ctrl-F6 -25 K_CTRL_F6 | Alt-F6 -35 K_ALT_F6 Shift-F7 -16 K_SH_F7 | Ctrl-F7 -26 K_CTRL_F7 | Alt-F7 -36 K_ALT_F7 Shift-F8 -17 K_SH_F8 | Ctrl-F8 -27 K_CTRL_F8 | Alt-F8 -37 K_ALT_F8 Shift-F9 -18 K_SH_F9 | Ctrl-F9 -28 K_CTRL_F9 | Alt-F9 -38 K_ALT_F9 Shift-F10 -19 K_SH_F10 | Ctrl-F10 -29 K_CTRL_F10 | Alt-F10 -39 K_ALT_F10 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------
